The right atrial appendage is located at the front upper surface of the right atrium. Attached to each atrium is an atrial appendage. The sinus venarum is the adult remnant of the sinus venosus and it surrounds the openings of the venae cavae and the coronary sinus. Internally, there are the rough pectinate muscles and crista terminalis of His, which act as a boundary inside the atrium and the smooth-walled part of the right atrium, the sinus venarum, which are derived from the sinus venosus. As the atria do not have valves at their inlets a venous pulsation is normal, and can be detected in the jugular vein as the jugular venous pressure. The right atrium and ventricle are often referred to together as the right heart, and the left atrium and ventricle as the left heart. The left atrium receives the oxygenated blood from the left and right pulmonary veins, which it pumps to the left ventricle (through the mitral valve (left atrioventricular valve) for pumping out through the aorta for systemic circulation. The right atrium receives and holds deoxygenated blood from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, anterior cardiac veins, smallest cardiac veins and the coronary sinus, which it then sends down to the right ventricle (through the tricuspid valve), which in turn sends it to the pulmonary artery for pulmonary circulation. Humans have a four-chambered heart consisting of the right and left atrium, and the right and left ventricle.
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